The cornea is made up of three layers:  the epithelium (outer layer), the stroma (middle layer) and the endothelium (innermost layer). The epithelium serves as a protective barrier and prevents irritants and infectious agents (bacterial and fungal organisms) from entering the deeper layers of t...

Keratitis is a generic term indicating inflammation in the cornea. Inflammation can be a feature in a variety of eye conditions and is a non-specific term. Inflammatory cells can be of various types, and one must examine the tissue microscopically to determine which cells are present and better defi...

The cornea is made up of three layers:  the epithelium (outer layer), the stroma (middle layer) and the endothelium (innermost layer). The epithelium serves a protective barrier and prevents irritants and infectious agents (bacterial and fungal organisms) from entering the deeper layers of the...

Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) is an inherited, developmental abnormality of the eye. It is seen in the Collie breed and can also be seen in the Shetland Sheepdog and the Australian Shepherd. The condition affects both eyes, though one eye may be more seriously affected than the other. Generally this diso...

Ectropion is the turning out (eversion) of the eyelid. This usually affects the lower eyelids giving the animal a "droopy" eye appearance. Aside from being unattractive, ectropion can result in irritation because it causes exposure of the eyeball and the sensitive inner lining of the lid (conjunctiv...

Entropion is an inward rolling of the eyelids. This can cause the eyelashes or hairs of the eyelids to rub against the cornea (the sensitive, clear outer window of the eye) which is often uncomfortable or painful. This can also lead to serious eye damage by causing corneal ulcers or scar tissue form...

The cornea is the clear outer window of the eye and is made up of three layers: Epithelium - the outermost layer (bathed by tears) Stroma - the middle and largest layer.  This region of the cornea is made up of precisely arranged layers of collagen fibers.  This precise arran...

The retina is the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye and is made up of photoreceptor cells called rods and cones. The rods are responsible for vision in low light conditions and the cone cells are responsible for vision in bright light. The retina captures the light that enters the eye an...